A researcher from the University of Aston has created the first-ever computer reconstruction of a virus, including its complete native genome. Although other researchers have created similar reconstructions, this is the first to replicate the exact chemical and 3D structure of a “live” virus.
The research was conductedusing existing data of virus structures measured via cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM), and computational modelling which took almost three years using supercomputers in the UK and Japan.
The breakthrough could lead the way to research into an alternative to antibiotics, reducing the threat of anti-bacterial resistance.
Dr Dmitry Nerukh, from the Department of Mathematics in the College of Engineering and Physical Sciences at Aston University comments: “Up till now no one else had been able to build a native genome model of an entire virus at such detailed (atomistic) level. The ability to study the genome within a virus more clearly is incredibly important. Without the genome it has been impossible to know exactly how a bacteriophage infects a bacterium.”
The research Reconstruction and validation of entire virus model with complete genome from mixed resolution cryo-EM density byDr Dmitry Nerukh, from the Department of Mathematics in the College of Engineering and Physical Sciences at Aston University is published in the journal Faraday Discussions.
The breakthrough will open the way for biologists to investigate biological processes which can’t currently be fully examined because the genome is missing in the virus model.
This includes finding out how a bacteriophage, whichis a type of virus that infects bacteria, kills a specific disease-causing bacterium.
At the moment it is not known how this happens, but this new method of creating more accurate models will open up further research into using bacteriophage to kill specific life-threatening bacteria.
This could lead to more targeted treatment of illnesses which are currently treated by antibiotics, and therefore help to tackle the increasing threat to humans of antibiotic resistance.
“This development will now help virologists answer questions which previously they couldn’t answer,” Dr Nerukh added. “This could lead to targeted treatments to kill bacteria which are dangerous to humans, and to reduce the global problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria which are over time becoming more and more serious.”
The team’s approach to the modelling has many other potential applications. One of these is creating computational reconstructions to assist cryo-Electron Microscopy – a technique used to examine life-forms cooled to an extreme temperature.
